A. what two opposite experiences of governmental power shaped the founders' approach to the constitution?

Experiences with the British monarchy made them worry that the government would have too much power but they created a weak government under the Articles of Confederation.
The experiences with the British showed us how a government would be transformed into a tyranny if it left unchecked/unregulated.
But since at that time we're too paranoid about this, we instead create a government that basically couldn't operate since ther are too much limitation the congress.

You don’t list any options but the one that frets overspending and the consequences of that.