Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced. this process is called

The correct answer is shaping. Shaping, in operant conditioning, is being defined as the process that involves or associated with having to reinforce successive approximations in regards to the individual’s desired or the individual’s targeted behavior. It is usually a conditioning paradigm that is used for experimental analysis of a behavior.

d. i assume the underlined word is "role." reformat if it isn't.

explanation:

role is closest to part because when replacing words, "playing a vital decision," "playing a vital activity," and "playing a vital dollar" don't make logical sense. the only meaningful choice is "playing a vital part."

this fits one of merriam-webster's definitions of role: "a function or part performed especially in a particular operation or process."

answer; taking detailed notes during the interview;