News about the airport closing spread from the public safety manager to the deputy directors to members of airport security to aircraft rescue personnel to administrative assistants and then to the rest of the airport employees. this is an example of which kind of organizational message? a. formal upward b. formal lateral c. informal grapevine d. formal downward

american political culture includes a plenty of focus views and preferences. not all westerns experience the same opinions, of course, but the large preponderance promises to these general ideas, including equality, justice, freedom, individualism, integrity, and difference.

the united states is a democratic republic. residents elect representatives to governmental, nation, and local administration; those deputies create the regulations that command u.s. community. although emptiness in u.s. law needs it, in usage, the administrative system is ruled by executive factions.