You are a defense attorney who sees a judge in your jurisdiction having dinner with a prosecutor. both are married to other people. you happened to have a case in front of this judge and the prosecutor is your opponent. you consider that you could request the judge to recuse himself from the case, but this may create animosity, and if he refuses, it could be detrimental to your client. alternatively, you could keep quiet and use the information on appeal, but this may mean your client spends years in prison. finally, you could do nothing and hope that the judge is not biased toward the prosecution in his ruling. what would you do?

In a court of law, bias is not supposed to be present. If they were both married, yet having dinner, they could be friends or the prosecutor is trying to get on the good side of the judge (or they're cheating). If you feel that the judge might not make impartial or fair rulings then it may be best to try to request him to recuse. However, it would do good to have evidence of such belief and not off of suspicion. The main goal of your case is to try to get your client as little time, or no time, in prison, so doing something that may cause prosecution is not favorable. It may also be helpful to look at past cases, or ask people who have worked with the judge before, to see if he has ever seemed prejudiced on any cases. Try to make a choice based on what you believe and feel will have the best outcome. Remember that this case can determine your clients future.

Aunitary state is a form of state where power is concentrated and there is a single center of power that extends its actions throughout the territory of the respective state. this, through its agents and local authorities, delegates of that same central power, and in its majority; it can count on a single legislating apparatus; except for certain exceptions, which legislate for the entire country; a judicial power, which applies the current law to the entire territory of the state and within which a supreme court of justice is established, which has jurisdiction at the national level; a single executive power, that is conformed by all the governors (president, governors, mayors, etc.); and a single political constitution, which governs all the territory and to which all the authorities and inhabitants of the state are subject.a confederation (from the latin: confœderatĭo) consists of the union of states that retain their sovereignty and are governed by certain common laws. initially there was talk of "confederation" in the case of alliances, for this reason the word "confederation" is still used in non-governmental civil society institutions. for this reason, the term confederation is also used to describe any type of organization that combines the authority derived from other semi-autonomous entities. in this case, sports confederations can be cited as some examples. however, the word confederation takes much more relevance when it comes to some permanent alliance of states or some association or association of states.characteristics of a federal government system

  a) written constitution. also known as magna carta and a necessity of the democracies that form federations to regulate the principles by which the government will be governed, because if they had to act without a body of specific laws would produce confrontations.

b) territorial division. federalism is constituted by the division of powers on the geographical basis of each territory.

c) decentralization. in a federal system there is both a central government and units of government lower than the central one, each making decisions regarding the provision of certain public services in their respective geographical jurisdictions.

d) supreme court of justice. to counteract the rigidity of the written constitution, judicial action is required to interpret said constitution and necessary changes can be made.