Industrialized nations have have high and low infant mortality; military spending rural populations; income military spending; infant mortality birthrates; health spending

Which of the following statements describes the nature of "stigma" as it relates to welfare? a) society values individual characteristics such as self-reliance and a willingness to work hard, welfare recipients are seen as dependent and lazy. b) social welfare hs been polarized as a "moral category", and its related policy includes treating the poor in a dignified manner, as to highlight the responsible nature of the welfare recipents. c) the norm of reciprocity explains the societal obligation to make some return for the things received, welfare recipents are stigmatized because they are able to be seen as making appropiate contributions for the benefits they incur. d) the capitalistic nature of u.s. society stresses that those who work hard and have the ability will be rewarded with success, welfare recipients are equal to those who do not receive welfare because both groups of people deserve the benefits of success.

Whether or not a given study has the possibility of causing harm to participants:

Halle is a calculating, self-centered salesperson. she never engages in relationship marketing. she looks on any sales situation as a "win-lose" situation, and she believes any legal method she can use is justified when she wins. hallie is most likely at the stage of ethical development.