In first grade, brady thought he was best at everything. now that he's in 5th grade, brady knows that juanita is better than he is in math and yao is better than he is in art. this process of evaluating one's self in relation to one's peers is known as

It is known as "social comparison".

Social comparison theory expresses that we decide our own particular social and individual worth in light of how we stack up against others. Therefore, we are continually making self and different assessments over an assortment of spaces, for instance, engaging quality, riches, knowledge, and achievement. These comparisons are capable in forming a person's personality, inspiration to enhance themselves, confidence and general fulfillment with their life.

answer; /// (culture);

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.