Which organization have the nations of northern and southern europe joined to develop closer ties with each other in recent years? 1. byzantine empire 2. european union 3. delian league 4. axis powers

I believe it is European Union

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.