Which is a definition of discrimination that most directly applies to classical conditioning? a. prototype matching to organize information into categories. b. maintaining information in memory through repetition c. differential treatment, usually negative, based on group membership d. recognizing an object as distinct from its surroundings e. learning to respond differently to similar stimuli?

Read the following: (1) liz has become more responsive to her partner's advances since a really beautiful woman moved in next door; (2) unable to accept his desire for other young men, 15-year-old juan immerses himself into his studies; (3) shauntel tells people that her coworker mary dislikes her; though if she were honest, shauntel would realize that it is actually she who dislikes mary; (4) "ben's nasty; he's disgusting," says renee; but renee secretly finds ben attractive. describe the defense mechanism he or she is using.