Student Version We "need theorists and researchers to generate and refine learning-focused instructional design theories " Such theories will "help educators and trainers to meet those needs ... that focus on learning and that foster development of initiative, teamwork , thinking skills, and diversity. " References: Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models volume II: A new paradigm of instructional theory. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.