Can someone literally translate this: pater tiberis (personification of the river) alveum in quo positi erant ad locum siccum portavit, lupa eos nutrivit, et pastor benignus et sua uxor eos eduxerunt.

It appears to be in the Latin language so in English it would be ''Tiber (personification of the river) list which was given to a dry wolf fed them, and a shepherd with his wife and brought them up''.

Betray, destroy, and obey do not need to be changed to add the suffix -ed, because the "y" at the end of each word is preceded by a vowel  (so  they would be spelled  "betrayed," "destroyed," and "obeyed").

but hurry is different; it has to  be spelled "hurried" because the "y" at the end of "hurry" is preceded by a consonant.