A arabic grammar cheat sheet please

23. public and private investment in infrastructure include all of the following except a) worker knowledge and skill development b) telecommunication systems, internet provider systems, and power distribution systems c) highways, transit systems, airports, harbors, and educational facilities d) fire departments, police departments, and public safety systems e) water systems, wastewater treatment systems, and navigational systems

How do astronomers measure the amount of dark matter in the universe

17. a graduated standard used to evaluate student achievement is called a: a. rubric b. norm-referenced test c. criterion-referenced test d. multiple-choice question e. guessing penalty