Alma is walking in a park. suddenly, a wild dog charges toward her. alma is frightened. the starts to respond by increasing her heart rate and dilating her pupils. after running for a few minutes, alma realizes that the dog has fallen far behind. at this point, her starts working to relax her body by slowing down her heart rate and constricting her pupils.

The answers are sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, respectively. 

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) controls the response of our body to threats or stressors. It prepares the body for an intense physical activity by increasing the body's biological processes like heart rate, breathing and the like. This is also known as the "Flight-or-fight" response. 

The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) on the other hand, responds the opposite way. When threats or stressors are no longer present, the PNS works to relax and calm the body. This is done to help the body recover from the high activity it previously went through.