Hawking states that much of human behavior has not been calculated to “aid in
the survival of the species.” what does that mean? what are some examples of this?

Hi

Hawking stated in one of his speech that "Human race, even though much of its behaviour through out history, has been pretty stupid, and not calculated to aid the survival of the species."

Hawking was simply implying towards the fact that all the intelligence and glory, a man is blessed with is not being utilized in the way it should be. This was because human conscious is still not awake to realize that his most of the efforts should be spent on enhancing the human race instead of destroying it.

For example: we see that from centuries humans are destroying our planet by creating green house effect, global warming, environmental pollution and many other such issues. They are not only staking the life and habitats of other organisms at risk but also their own.

We have created atomic and nuclear weapons to threat and destroy same specie. God had bestowed men with huge potential to enhance his survival but Hawking realize that human race is being stupid and not utilized this potential in its true essence.

hope it help!

that scientist would be robert hooke

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave