Based on evidence shown in the diagram, which rock layer is older than fault xy?

Body temperature is tightly regulated in mammals for example when external temperatures drop too much the body of a mammal responds by in order to its core temperature?

Parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction that does not require a mate. it’s rarely seen in birds and higher vertebrates. parthenogenesis involves the formation of a zygote. but this zygote is formed without fertilization. in parthenogenesis, in the absence of a male gamete, the ovum develops directly in the zygote.

Which star has the highest apparent magnitude?