Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than paracrine signals because
the ligands are transported through the bloodstream and travel greater distances
the target and signaling cells are close together
the ligands are degraded rapidly
the ligands don't bind to carrier proteins during transport

Describe pasteur’s results and how they disprove spontaneous generation.

Over the past 60 years, many amphibian species have experienced significant population declines and some species have become extinct. scientists suspected that local human activities such as the destruction of wetlands, regional pollution, and deforestation were the main reasons for these losses. however, research over the past 20 years reveals significant amphibian population declines in protected areas of the world, such as nature preserves and parks. these global declines suggest widespread problems including increased ultraviolet radiation, acid rain, and disease. in switzerland, for example, 14 of the 20 native amphibian species are threatened with extinction. chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease first identified in 1998 as a cause of massive amphibian deaths. in some severely impacted populations, a few individuals have survived, perhaps because of some natural resistance. if these resistant individuals continue to survive and prosper, new resistant populations might emerge. this would be an example of the founder effect artificial selection genetic drift natural selection sexual selection

Which of the following is a reason why early living organisms on earth could not have survived on the surface? 1. the lack of an ozone layer 2. the lack of oxygen in the atmosphere 3. the fact that these organisms were single-celled