Jamal wants to study the mating calls of local birds, but he found that the birds refrain from initiating these calls in his lab. jamal decided that he will try in order to study the birds where they are more likely to mate.

Naturalistic Observation.

Explanation:

Naturalistic observation may be defined as the observation of their research in the natural environment. The behavior study of living organisms are generally done under naturalistic observation.

Jamal wants to study the mating behavior of birds. He should observe the behavior of birds in their natural environment where the birds mate. Jamal uses naturalistic observation because it involves the behavioral study of birds in their natural environment instead of lab.

Thus, the answer is naturalistic observation.

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.