Astudent isolates a protein from anaerobic bacteria and analyses the protein by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing sds (page-sds). following protein staining, a single band appears, which excites the student's supervisor. to be certain, the supervisor suggests that the student run a second electrophoresis under native conditions (i. e. non-denaturing, or without sds). this gel shows two bands after staining. assuming no errors were committed during these experiments, explain the observations.

a. in the absence of sds, protein subunits separate into two peptide with charges, leading to two peaks.
b. in the absence of sds protein subunits separate into two peptides with different masses, leading to two peaks.
c. in the presence of sds two proteins with identical charges but different molecular weights will show a single band, while in the absence of sds different molecular weights will create separation.
d. in the presence of sds two proteins with identical molecular weight but different isoelectric points will show a single band, while in the absence of sds different charges will create separation.

The correct answer is option D.

Explanation:

In the presence of SDS single band appeared, while in the absence of SDS two bands appeared. SDS or sodium dodecyl sulfate refers to an anionic detergent, which combines with amino acid side chains providing the protein a net negative charge. It dissociates the non-covalent bonds.  

In SDS-PAGE, the separation of proteins takes place on the basis of their molecular weight. Options A and B are incorrect as only in the presence of SDS, the separation of protein subunits takes place. Option C is also incorrect as a protein containing distinct molecular weight cannot show single band.  

Option D is correct as the presence of SDS supplements a bunch of negative charges to the protein, thus, charge is not the factor. Therefore, the proteins are distinguished on the basis of the molecular weight. Thus, identical molecular weight demonstrates a single band. In the non-presence of SDS, charge performs a function along with the molecular weight, therefore, two bands appear.  

answer: all : )

explanation:

the african cheetah.

this species has a relatively low level of genetic

variation because the population was reduced to a small size approxi-

mately 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.

chapter   outline

24.1

genes in populations and the hardy-

weinberg equation

24.2

factors that change allele and genotype

frequencies in populations

24.3     sources of new genetic variation

population   genetics

24

until   now,   we   have   primarily   focused   our   attention   on   genes  

within   individuals   and   their   related   family   members.   in   this  

chapter   and   chapters   25   and   26   ,   we   turn   to   the   study   of   genes   in  

a   population   or   species.   the   field   of

population   genetics

  is   con-

cerned   with   changes   in   genetic   variation   within   a   group   of   indi-

viduals   over   time.   population   geneticists   want   to   know   the   extent  

of   genetic   variation   within   populations,   why   it   exists,   and   how   it  

changes   over   the   course   of   many   generations.   the   field   of   popu-

lation   genetics   emerged   as   a   branch   of   genetics   in   the   1920s   and  

1930s.   its   mathematical   foundations   were   developed   by   theoreti-

cians   who   extended   the   principles   of   gregor   mendel   and   charles  

darwin   by   deriving   formulas   to   explain   the   occurrence   of   geno-

types   within   populations.   these   foundations   can   be   largely   attrib-

uted to three scientists: sir ronald fisher, sewall wright, and j. b. s.

haldane.   as   we   will   see,   support   for   their   mathematical   theories  

was provided by several researchers who analyzed the genetic com-

position   of   natural   and   experimental   populations.   more   recently,  

population   geneticists   have   used   techniques   to   probe   genetic  

variation   at   the   molecular   level.   in   addition,   staggering   advances  

in   computer   technology   have   aided   population   geneticists   in   the  

analysis   of   their   genetic   theories   and   data.   in   this   chapter,   we   will  

explore   the   genetic   variation   that   occurs   in   populations   and   con-

sider   the   reasons   why   the   genetic   composition   of   populations   may  

change over the course of several generations