According to mendel's law of segregation, meiosis involves the separation of a parent organism's alleles in order to form gametes. since the alleles separate into different gametes, only one allele passes from each parent on to an offspring. this segregation of alleles during meiosis

a) increases the chance that an offspring will receive a dominant allele.

b) decreases the chance that an offspring will receive a dominant allele.

c) increases the genetic variability of the offspring.

d) decreases the genetic variability of the offspring.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).