Document based questions: flint michigan water crisis
on april 25, 2014, flint, whose population had dwindled from more than 195.000 in
1960 to fewer than 100.000 people, switched to using the flint river as its water supply.
the city had drawn water from detroit's system for decades, but it was expensive, and so
flint joined efforts to create a new, regional system that would draw water from lake
huron. costs had become a central concem in a city that has lost thousands of auto
industry jobs. fiscal troubles were so significant that the state sent an emergency
manager with ultimate decision-making power to oversee a recovery. until the new
pipeline to lake huron was constructed, the city would take its water from the flint
river, which the city had used as a backup. city icaders toasted the switch with cups of
water residents were less sure. for years the flint river had been a dumping ground-
for cars and even bodies. aware of the doubts, the city's first news release on the switch
trumpeted state and local officials' assurances. then came the odd colors from the tap
greens and browns -- and the offensive smells and tastes. soon there were reports of
rashes and clumps of hair falling out. parts from a general motors engine plant here were
corroding, so the company stopped using flint's water.

whose responsibility was it to ensure healthy living conditions (e. clean drinking
water) for the citizens of flint?

• what were the warning signs city officials ignored? why?

hello

answer: collecting information/data

reason: the student is going around and asking people questions to collect data

i hope this

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.

i believe the correct answer is the virus gets an envelope that contains host molecules when it leaves the host cell.

explanation:

during the bidding/release stage of a virus, it encapsulates itself with part of the membrane of the host cells in this case the cells of the monkey and is the reason as to why the scientist found the genetic material of the monkey on the viral cell surface.

further explanation

to understand this answer, we have to know the cycle a virus undergoes to replicate. a virus is basically a bunch of genetic material enclosed in a capsule and lacks any machinery or organelles to ensure their survival so they must enter a host cell in order to get the environment needed to survive. some viruses enter and lyse(destroy) the host cell after they have replicated and undergo the lytic cycle while some enter and leave the cell intact after replicating and these undergo a lysogenic cycle. to enter the cell, they undergo the first process called attachment by binding to specific receptors and co-receptors on the surface of the host cell. after attaching to the cell, they start the second phase called penetration where virus enters or is engulfed whole by the host cell through a process called endocytosis. it is the same process that a cell takes up materials it needs or pathogens around it. uncoating of the virus then happens after the virus has been engulfed and is the third stage. the virus then undergoes releasing of its genetic material in the host's matrix.   the materials then enter the nucleus and undergo biosynthesis by adding themselves in strands of rna being translated and then copies of the virus are produced in addition to the host genetic material. the material/newly formed viral material then undergoes assembly inside the host cell and form a capsule around them. the virus undergoes the last release/budding stage by binding to the host membrane and pushing outwards. in doing so when they tear away from the host membrane, they pick up the genetic material from the membrane of the host cell to form their envelope.

learn more:

1.

2.

3.

level: high school