Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. this damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?
a) the splitting of water
b) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
c) the flow of electrons from photosystem ll to photosystem i
d) the synthesis of atp
e) the reduction of nadp+

The correct answer will be option-D

Explanation:

The light-dependent reaction of the photosynthesis process takes place in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.

The electron transport chain takes place in the thylakoid membrane which leads to the flow of protons out of the membrane producing the disequilibrium in the membrane potential across the membrane. This difference in the membrane potential results in the flow of protons which help in the synthesis of ATP.

If the thylakoid membrane is punctured will disturb the membrane potential across the membrane.  This will lead to the disturbance in the flow of protons into and out of the cell which will affect the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase enzyme.

Thus, option-D is the correct answer.

hi~~

i would say that hybridization occurs frequently in nature, because there are many types of hybrids that have occurred naturally, such as the mule (male donkey + female horse)

ecological efficiency: % of usable energy transferred as

biomass from one trophic level to the next typical is 10% efficient (90% of

energy is lost),is diagramed as the pyramid of energy flow. then osprey eagle

are tertiary consumer and the shrimp are primary consumer, so to balance

mass of shrimp (1/0.1) / 0.1 = 100 kg