Which of the following are true? Select all that apply.

A. Renin levels increase with poor kidney perfusion.
B. Heart failure results in postrenal failure.
C. Staphylococcal infections are common causes of kidney failure.
D. Nephrotoxic drugs are a cause of intrarenal failure.
E. Spinal stenosis pain is common symptom of kidney dysfunction.

A. Renin levels increase with poor kidney perfusion

D. Nephrotoxic drugs are a cause of intrarenal failure.

Explanation:

Renin is produced in the kidney for angiotensin aldosterone hormonal system and it is helpful in maintaining the blood pressure and other metabolic activities. However when the renin level is high then it means the kidney has a perfusion issue .

Nephrons are kidney cells. When a drug which is toxic to them gets into the body system then it affects the kidney and may cause kidney failure.

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explanation:

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the relative standard reduction potential of the half-cell in which reduction occurs; more positive than the other half-cell. reduction is a chemical process in which electrons are added to an atom or an ion; it always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent.