What was integral to the spread of enlightenment from europe to america?

a) the high literacy rates in new england colonies that enabled the settlers to read books and newspapers
b) the development of plantations that encouraged more europeans to migrate to america for gainful employment
c) the arrival of the english preacher, george whitefield who toured american colonies giving sermons
d) the correspondence between britain’s royal society and the american philosophical society
e) the mechanistic view of the universe as postulated by the british scientist, isaac newton