In attached manuscript (breeding for better welfare :genetic goals for broiler chickens and their parents by Ms Dawkins and R layton ,2012 )identify 4 current trends that threatens genetic progress in animal breeding progress in the face of climate change challenges

New type of diseases, weak defense against disease, decrease in product quality and more production of the product.

Explanation:

New type of diseases, weak defense against disease, decrease in product quality and more production of the product are four trends that threatens genetic progress in animal breeding in the face of climate change challenges. Due to new type of diseases the genetic makeup of organism is unable to defend itself due to weak defense mechanism that leads to decrease in quality of that animal.

the answer to your question is b

the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.