1. what causes most of the ocean currents on the surface of the ocean?
2. england is part of an island surrounded by ocean water. why are temperatures mild in the winter and cooler in the summer than other countries, not surrounded by water? explain your answer.

1) The wind (the prevailing wind)
2) The sea takes a lot longer to warm up than the land and so does not get to its warmest until late autumn in the UK, once it has had the entire summer to get warmer. However, once the sea does warm it it stays warm for a lot longer than the land does as the land losses heat a lot more quickly. This means that in the winter when the land has lost its heat the sea is still warm and so warms the land it is in contact with (not just the very edges, quite far into the landmass is warmed even if only slightly). As the UK is an island a high proportion of its landmass is located fairly close to the sea so will be warmed during the winter. This causes the UK to be slightly warmer in the winter than countries which are not surrounded by water as the land of these countries will lose heat just as fast but not be warmed by the seas retained heat.

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