When should vaccinations be given? as a precaution or when there is evidence of an outbreak

In the ocean why are the greatest amount of primary producers found in the epipelagic zone and how does that affect biodiversity

which is an effect of short-term environmental changes? a) adaptation b) speciation c) extinction d) death (5 points)

Molecules like glucose and amino acids are not lipid soluble, so cannot cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion. instead, they are shuttled across by carrier proteins in the membrane from high to low concentration. does this process require energy from the cell? this is an example of what type of molecular movement?