After entering intestinal epithelial cells and dissociating from the A2 polypeptide, the A1 peptide of cholera toxin catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the , inhibiting its activity. This leads to higher levels of ,which binds to and activates PKA. Phosphorylation of the CFTR Cl- channel by PKA leads to the unfortunate symptoms of cholera.

the relative standard reduction potential of the half-cell in which reduction occurs; more positive than the other half-cell. reduction is a chemical process in which electrons are added to an atom or an ion; it always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent.

they had the law tat factories that produces smoke cannot be built near residential buildings.

building of proper sewage system was done to ensure that the waste is carried away from the humans so that they do not get diseases from it.

also they built water systems to provide water in those areas which are drought prone.

what are the options

explanation: