1. Which is a characteristic of pseudoscience?(1 point) A. anecdotal evidence
B. specific explanations
C. testable claims
D. new hypotheses

2. Which question is impossible for scientists to answer?(1 point)

A. How long will it take ice to melt at room temperature?
B. What country has the coldest average temperature?
C. Which species of bird has the longest migration route?
D. What should be considered music and what should not?

3. A mining company hires a team of scientists to research how their mines impact local wildlife. They are not happy with the results, so they wait a few years to publish. They do not include the name of their company in the publication. The language is vague and some findings are omitted. The results are published online, not in a scientific journal.

When evaluating this information for reliability, which is most concerning?
(1 point)

A. publication type
B. reliability
C. publication date
D. authorship

4. What is the greatest advantage of using different methods that result in the same outcome?(1 point)

A. The cheaper method can be used to arrive at the same outcome.
B. The pros and cons can be identified and compared for each method.
C. Even more methods can be identified that reach the same outcome.
D. Scientists have options for when they are trying to produce a certain result.

5. If a group of astronomers developed a theory about how stars form, which event would lead to the durability of their theory?(1 point)

A. A different group of scientists finds evidence refuting the theory.
B. A rival theory is put forth at the same time that suggests something different about star formation.
C. The theory is completely replaced by newer, more popular theories over time.
D. The theory developed by the astronomers is revisited and reexamined several times.

6. Which statement is best supported by the theory of evolution?(1 point)

A. An individual’s characteristics allow it to survive and reproduce more successfully in every environment than a member of the species with less desirable characteristics.
B. Successive generations of fast individuals survive and reproduce more successfully than slow individuals of the same species.
C. Successive generations of large individuals survive and reproduce more successfully than smaller individuals of the same species.
D. An individual’s characteristics allow it to survive and reproduce more successfully in a particular environment than a member of the species with less desirable characteristics.

7. Scientists discovered that runoff from some plant fertilizers can produce algal blooms that negatively affect ocean ecosystems. Which of the following options provides evidence of how algal blooms harm ocean ecosystems?(1 point)

A. Excessive nutrients from fertilizer runoff increase the amount of plant and algae growth in water bodies.
B. Rainfall and irrigation can cause excess water to enter the soil, resulting in excess fertilizer runoff that ends up in the ocean.
C. Authorities warn the public not to let their dogs swim in water bodies with algal blooms since they could get sick from algae exposure.
D. Large algal blooms rapidly decompose, contributing to increased CO2 and low-oxygen water that can reduce fish habitats.

8. Which types of evidence do scientists use to claim a practice is a pseudoscience? Explain your answer in 1–2 sentences.

9. Elk in Yellowstone National Park were overgrazing the willow plant populations. Wolves were reintroduced and the willow plant population recovered. In three to five sentences, state two facts, make an observation, and make an inference.

10. In 3–5 sentences, explain how scientists use creativity to construct and answer scientific questions.

11. In 3–5 sentences, describe the similarities and differences between scientific laws and scientific theories.

12. Scientists often collaborate in teams to draw scientific conclusions. In 1–2 sentences, explain why scientific collaboration is important to research.