In the late 1800s mendel predicted the existence of units of hereditary information or factors. what do we call these units of heredity information today

Genes are the units of hereditary information.  

Explanation:

Gregor Mendel is named the "father of Genetics". He proposed "theories of inheritance" based on his work on the pea plant, "Pisum sativum".  

The "theory of inheritance" states that discrete units of inheritance, which we now know as "genes", are passed from "parents to offspring as traits". A trait that masks or dominates over another trait was called the "Dominant trait" or allele and the one being hidden was called the "Recessive allele".  

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