Which of the following are necessary for production to take place?
a. the creation of shipping networks to distribute goods.
o
b. market research to determine the level of demand.
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c. the input of land, labor, and capital.
o
d. advertising to crede demand.

The risk-free rate is 7% and the expected rate of return on the market portfolio is 11%. a. calculate the required rate of return on a security with a beta of 1.92. (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. if the security is expected to return 15%, is it overpriced or underpriced?

Which of the following pairs is most similar to each other? a. barter goods and fiat money b. digital money and barter goods c. fiat money and digital money d. commodity money and digital money

Amachine purchased three years ago for $720,000 has a current book value using straight-line depreciation of $400,000: its operating expenses are $60,000 per year. a replacement machine would cost $480,000, have a useful life of nine years, and would require $26,000 per year in operating expenses. it has an expected salvage value of $130,000 after nine years. the current disposal value of the old machine is $170,000: if it is kept 9 more years, its residual value would be $20,000. calculate the total costs in keeping the old machine and purchase a new machine. should the old machine be replaced?