Ms. z has decided to invest $75,000 in state bonds. she could invest in state a bonds paying 5 percent annual interest or in state r bonds paying 5.4 percent annual interest. the bonds have same risk , the interest from both is exempt from federal income tax. because ms. z is a resident of state a , she would not pay state a's 8.5 percent personal income tax on the state a bond interest, but she would pay this tax on the state r bond interest .ms. z can deduct any state tax payments in the computations of her federal taxable income , and her federal marginal rate is 33 percent. should ms. z invest in the state a or state r bonds?

The blank is type of decision-maker who over analyzes information

5. profit maximization and shutting down in the short run suppose that the market for polos is a competitive market. the following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 price (dollars per polo) quantity (thousands of polos) mc atc avc for each price in the following table, calculate the firm's optimal quantity of units to produce, and determine the profit or loss if it produces at that quantity, using the data from the previous graph to identify its total variable cost. assume that if the firm is indifferent between producing and shutting down, it will produce. (hint: you can select the purple points [diamond symbols] on the previous graph to see precise information on average variable cost.) price quantity total revenue fixed cost variable cost profit (dollars per polo) (polos) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) 12.50 135,000 27.50 135,000 45.00 135,000 if the firm shuts down, it must incur its fixed costs (fc) in the short run. in this case, the firm's fixed cost is $135,000 per day. in other words, if it shuts down, the firm would suffer losses of $135,000 per day until its fixed costs end (such as the expiration of a building lease). this firm's shutdown price—that is, the price below which it is optimal for the firm to shut down—is per polo.

Which of the following is an example of a production quota? a. the government sets an upper limit on the quantity that each dairy farmer can produce. b. the government sets a price floor in the market for dairy products. c. the government sets a lower limit on the quantity that each dairy farmer can produce. d. the government guarantees to buy a specified quantity of dairy products from farmers.