What is a characteristic of the leader substitutes model?
a. it suggests that under certain conditions managers do not have to play a leadership role.
b. it states that rewards like stock options can substitute for someone in the leadership role.
c. it suggests that managers cannot substitute different leadership styles in different situations.
d. it advocates using coercive power to ensure high performance and the attainment of goals.

The chromosome manufacturing company produces two products, x and y. the company president, jean mutation, is concerned about the fierce competition in the market for product x. she notes that competitors are selling x for a price well below chromosome's price of $13.50. at the same time, she notes that competitors are pricing product y almost twice as high as chromosome's price of $12.50.ms. mutation has obtained the following data for a recent time period: product x product y number of units 11,000 3,000 direct materials cost per unit $3.23 $3.09 direct labor cost per unit $2.22 $2.10 direct labor hours 10,000 3,500 machine hours 2,100 1,800 inspection hours 80 100 purchase orders 10 30ms. mutation has learned that overhead costs are assigned to products on the basis of direct labor hours. the overhead costs for this time period consisted of the following items: overhead cost item amount inspection costs $16,200 purchasing costs 8,000 machine costs 49,000 total $73,200using direct labor hours to allocate overhead costs determine the gross margin per unit for product x. choose the best answer from the list below.a. $1.93b. $3.12c. $7.38d. $2.43e. $1.73using activity-based costing for overhead allocation, determine the gross margin per unit for product y. choose best answer from list below.a. $10.07b. ($2.27)c. ($5.23)d. ($7.02)e. $7.02