The hr manager told jim that the company pays the total health insurance costs for a family of four. as a single man, this benefit did not seem especially important to him right now. here, jim is low on the element of the expectancy theory.

a. expectancy.
b. instrumentality.
c. valence.
d. outcomes.
e. significance

C.valence.

Explanation:

Based on the information provided within the question it seems that in this scenario Jim is low on the valence element of the expectancy theory. This element focuses on the desirability of the rewards that is being offered. Which in this scenario the rewards is the company paying the total health insurance costs for a family of four, but since Jim does not have a family, then this rewards is of no importance to him.

answer(d) encourage cooperation by improving the chances of mutually agreeable transactions;

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