Suppose that a firm’s marginal production costs are given by mc = 10 + 4q. the firm’s production process generates a toxic waste, which imposes an increasingly large cost on the residents of the town where it operates: the marginal external cost (i. e. marginal damage inflicted on the residents) associated with the qth unit of production is given by 2q. hint: the social marginal cost takes into account the private cost of the firm as well the marginal damage to the society of the firm’s production activities.

(a) what is the marginal private cost associated with the 10th unit produced?
(b) what is the total marginal cost to society associated with producing the 10th unit (the marginal social cost of the 10th unit)?

Each of the following scenarios is based on facts in anactual fraud. categorize each scenario as primarily indicating (1) anincentive to commit fraud, (2) an opportunity to commit fraud, or(3) a rationalization for committing fraud. also state your reasoningfor each scenario.a. there was intense pressure to keep the corporation ' stock from declining further. this pressure came from investors, analysts,and the ceo, whose financial well-being was significantly dependent on the corporation ' s stock price.b. a group of top-level management was compensated (mostly in the form of stock-options) well in excess of what would be considered normal for their positions in this industry.c. top management of the company closely guards internal financial information, to the extent that even some employees on a “need-to-know basis” are denied full access.d. managing specific financial ratios is very important to the company, and both management and analysts are keenly observant of variability in key ratios. key ratios for the company changed very little even though the ratios for the overall industry were quite volatile during the time period.e. in an effort to reduce certain accrued expenses to meet budget targets, the cfo directs the general accounting department to reallocate a division’s expenses by a significant amount. the general accounting department refuses to acquiesce to the request, but the journal entry is made trough the corporate office. an accountant in the general accounting department is uncomfortable with the journal entries required to reallocate divisional expenses. he brings his concerns to the cfo, who assures him that everything will be fine and that the entries are necessary. the accountant considers resigning, but he does not have another job lined up and is worried about supporting his family. therefore, he never voices his concerns to either the internal or external auditors.f. accounting records were either nonexistent or in a state of such disorganization that significant effort was required to locate or compile them.

1. gar principles or "the principles"are intended to do what? a. foster an awareness of the hierarchical structure of the organization b. explain the best method of implementing biometric security techniques c. foster an awareness of the importance of good employee training d. foster an awareness of getting upper level management on board in understanding the need to implement an ig program e. foster an awareness of good record keeping principles

Which are the best examples of costs that should be considered when creating a project budget?