Emily Wills owns a commercial printing company. Emily has more business than she wants, in fact, she is presently turning away exciting new business opportunities because it is expensive to hire new employees, and she knows that if she did hire new employees it would take time for the new employees to be trained and to be socialized into the culture of her firm. Emily's inability to take advantage of the new business opportunities that are coming her way is due largely to the:

Wo firms, a and b, each currently dump 50 tons of chemicals into the local river. the government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on will require a pollution permit for each ton of pollution dumped into the river. it costs firm a $100 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs firm b $50 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. the government gives each firm 20 pollution permits. government officials are not sure whether to allow the firms to buy or sell the pollution permits to each other. what is the total cost of reducing pollution if firms are not allowed to buy and sell pollution permits from each other? what is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms are allowed to buy and sell permits from each other? a. $3,000; $1,500 b. $4,500; $3,500 c. $4,500; $4,000 d. $4,500; $2,500