From Jan. 1, 1960 to Jan. 1, 1985, the historical average annual rate of return in the hypothetical country of Westeros was 12%. The annual standard deviation of the rate of return is 10%. What is the upper bound of the 95.4% confidence interval for the annual rate of return based on this information? a. 16%.
b. 10%.
c. 12%.
d. 14%.
e. 8%.

Fanning company is considering the addition of a new product to its cosmetics line. the company has three distinctly different options: a skin cream, a bath oil, or a hair coloring gel. relevant information and budgeted annual income statements for each of the products follow. skin cream bath oil color gel budgeted sales in units (a) 110,000 190,000 70,000 expected sales price (b) $8 $4 $11 variable costs per unit (c) $2 $2 $7 income statements sales revenue (a × b) $880,000 $760,000 $770,000 variable costs (a × c) (220,000) (380,000) (490,000) contribution margin 660,000 380,000 280,000 fixed costs (432,000) (240,000) (76,000) net income $228,000 $140,000 $204,000 required: (a) determine the margin of safety as a percentage for each product. (b) prepare revised income statements for each product, assuming a 20 percent increase in the budgeted sales volume. (c) for each product, determine the percentage change in net income that results from the 20 percent increase in sales. (d) assuming that management is pessimistic and risk averse, which product should the company add to its cosmetics line? (e) assuming that management is optimistic and risk aggressive, which product should the company add to its cosmetics line?

When it is 4: 00 a.m. in halifax, it is 1: 00 p.m. in karachi, and when it is 9: 00 a.m. in karachi, it is 5: 00 a.m. in warsaw. mary left halifax to fly to karachi, but she accidentally left her watch on warsaw time. according to mary’s watch, she left halifax at 9: 40 p.m. on monday. the local time when she arrived at karachi was 3: 00 p.m. tuesday. how long was mary’s flight? a. 9 hours, 20 minutes b. 13 hours, 20 minutes c. 14 hours, 20 minutes d. 17 hours, 20 minutes

You are the manager of a large crude-oil refinery. as part of the refining process, a certain heat exchanger (operated at high temperatures and with abrasive material flowing through it) must be replaced every year. the replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $165 comma 000. this cost is expected to increase due to inflation at a rate of 7% per year for six years (i.e. until the eoy 7), at which time this particular heat exchanger will no longer be needed. if the company's cost of capital is 15% per year, how much could you afford to spend for a higher quality heat exchanger so that these annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated?