10. Crowding out effect Suppose economists observe that an increase in government spending of $13 billion raises the total demand for goods and services by $52 billion. If these economists ignore the possibility of crowding out, they would estimate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) to be . Now suppose the economists allow for crowding out. Their new estimate of the MPC would be than their initial one.

Benton company (bc), a calendar year entity, has one owner, who is in the 37% federal income tax bracket (any net capital gains or dividends would be taxed at a 20% rate). bc's gross income is $395,000, and its ordinary trade or business deductions are $245,000. ignore the standard deduction (or itemized deductions) and the deduction for qualified business income. if required, round computations to the nearest dollar. a. bc is operated as a proprietorship, and the owner withdraws $100,000 for personal use. bc's taxable income for the current year is $ , and the tax liability associated with the income from the sole proprietorship is $ . b. bc is operated as a c corporation, pays out $100,000 as salary, and pays no dividends to its shareholder. bc's taxable income for the current year is $ , and bc's tax liability is $ . the shareholder's tax liability is $ . c. bc is operated as a c corporation and pays out no salary or dividends to its shareholder. bc's taxable income for the current year is $ , and bc's tax liability is $ . d. bc is operated as a c corporation, pays out $100,000 as salary, and pays out the remainder of its earnings as dividends. bc's taxable income for the current year is $ , and bc's tax liability is $ .

You hear your supervisor tell another supervisor that a fire drill will take place later today when the fire alarm sounds that afternoon you should

Which statement or statements are implied by equilibrium conditions of the loanable funds market? a firm borrowing in the loanable funds market invests those funds with a higher expected return than any firm that is not borrowing. investment projects which use borrowed funds are guaranteed to be profitable even after paying interest expenses. the quantity of savings is maximized, thus the quantity of investment is maximized. a loan is made at the minimum interest rate of all current borrowing.