How is the temperature of the earth partly controlled by carbon?

By the process of respiration and photosynthesis; carbon dioxide is obtained and also carbon dioxide in huge amount is produced from the industries which enters in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gas.  

Greenhouse gases are those gases which are able to trap the radiation in the atmosphere and which keeps Earth warmer. Thus, high levels of carbon dioxide gas keep the temperature of Earth warmer.

nacl is added to the aqueous of what? ? in order to get a proper answer you have to specify the exact composition of the aqueous solution.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.