What are the characteristics of non-ideal solutions? a. the solute-solute and solvent- solvent interaction is different fromm that of solute-solvent interaction b. the enthalpy of mixing non-zero which means that heat might have released if enthalpy of mixing is negative or the heat might have absorbed from the surroundings if enthalpy of mixing is positive. c. there is a change in volume upon mixing which means that there will be some expansion or contraction in dissolution of liquids. a and b only all of the above

All the above

Explanation:

Non-ideal solutions are those solutions which do not obey Raoult's law in any conditions.

The molecular interactions of two components that is solute and solvent  are different.

If there are two components A and B then the molecular interaction between A-A,B-B would be different from the molecular interactions in A-B .

The enthalpy of mixing and volume of mixing for non-ideal solutions have  non zero values.

Enthalpy of mixing can be negative or positive in case of non-ideal solutions. If the enthalpy of mixing is negative so energy has been  released upon mixing the two components and if enthalpy of mixing is positive then energy is absorbed upon mixing the two components.

Non-ideal solutions are simply those solutions which are not ideal hence they should not be having the characterstics of ideal solutions.

For ideal solutions the molecular interactions between  the two components are equal.

So the molecular interaction between A-A,B-B  would be equal to the molecular interaction between A-B. Also the enthalpy of mixing and volume of mixing for ideal solutions are zero hence all the statements provided here are correctly charactersing non-ideal solutions.