6. identify how carbon can attain the stable noble gas configuration of 8 electrons.

Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell and need to gain or lose four electrons to gain noble gas configuration .but it can't gain or lose four electrons because it will require a large amount of energy and will become unstable . therefore carbon overcomes this problem by sharing of electrons with other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements . this is known as covenant bonds .

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samuel de champlain. in 1608, king henry iv sponsored pierre dugua, sieur de mons and samuel de champlain as founders of the city of quebec with 28 men. this was the second permanent french settlement in the colony of canada.

a 20-cm-long, cylindrical graphite (pure carbon) rod is inserted into an oxidizing atmosphere at 1145 k and 1.013 x 105 pa pressure. the oxidizing process is limited by the diffu- sion of oxygen counterflow to the carbon monoxide that is formed on the cylindrical surface.