(ii)
substitution, as applied to nucleophilic substitution in a haloalkane

Acertain atom has 22 protons and 19 electrons. this atom loses an electron. the net charge on the atom is now 4+1+01-4-. if this same atom with 22 protons and 19 electrons were to gain 3 electrons, the net charge on the atom would be 3+2+02-3-.