Enzymes accelerate reaction rates by 10 7 to 10 17 compared to the uncatalyzed reactions. The ratio of the rate of the catalyzed reaction to the rate of the uncatalyzed reaction ( rate cat / rate uncat ) is known as the rate enhancement. The rate enhancement can be related to the difference in the free energies of activation. Note: The difference in the free energies of activation, or Δ G ∘ ‡ uncat – Δ G ∘ ‡ cat , can be expressed more succinctly as Δ Δ G ∘ ‡ . Δ Δ G ∘ ‡ = R T ln ( rate cat rate uncat ) From the given rates, calculate the rate enhancement and the Δ Δ G ∘ ‡ in kilojoules per mole at T = 25 ∘ C . Enter each answer as a whole number. Uncatalyzed rate = 10 − 6 s − 1 Catalyzed rate = 10 2 s − 1 R = 8.3145 J / ( K ⋅ mol )

Microtubular fibers that assist in the movement of chromosomes during nuclear division in conjunction with proteins, makes up the small and large organelle pieces that assemble prior to translation three-base nucleotide sequence that can complementarily pair with the functional transcript, allowing a particular material to be brought to a ribosome particular time in the cell cycle when the cell’s systems determine if the cellular conditions are appropriate to continue through the cycle time in the cell’s cycle when proteins are made and organelles are duplicated enzyme that allows proper nucleotide bonding during transcription specific dna sequence which will initiate gene transcription division of the cell’s cytoplasm specific bond that forms between two amino acids when a carboxyl group binds to a amino group three-base sequence that does not code for a particular amino acid a paired organelle which facilitates the formation of movement microtubules time in the cell’s cycle when the microtubular structures exert an equal pressure on the cell’s genetic material

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