Are these equations balanced? If not how do I balance them?

The answer to your question is given below.

Explanation:

1. CH3COOH(aq) + NaHCO3(s) —> CO2(g) + H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq)

The above equation is balanced since the number of atoms of the different elements present on both sides of the equation are equal.

2. CaCl2 + NaHCO3 —> CO2 + CaCO3 + NaCl + H2O

The above equation can be balance as follow:

There are 2 atoms of Cl on the left side and 1 atom on the right side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front of NaCl as shown below:

CaCl2 + NaHCO3 —> CO2 + CaCO3 + 2NaCl + H2O

Now, there are 2 atoms of Na on the right side and 1 atom on the left side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front of NaHCO3 as shown below:

CaCl2 + 2NaHCO3 —> CO2 + CaCO3 + 2NaCl + H2O

Now the equation is balanced.

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.