Which characteristic is given by the principal quantum number? orbital size orbital mass orbital shape orbital orientation

The answer is: orbital size.

The principal quantum number (n) is one of four quantum numbers which are assigned to each electron in an atom to describe that electron's state, n=1,2,3...

The principal quantum number shows the most probable distance of the electrons from the nucleus.

For example, tellurium (Te) is in group 16 (chalcogens) and period 5 (principal quantum number n = 5, which means it has 5 electrons shell) of Periodic table.

explanation: it gains negative electrons, therefore becoming negatively charged. as charge cannot be created, nor destroyed, only transferred, this leaves the wool positive. now that they have opposite charges, the two items attract.