In a single electron atom, their are n2 orbitals at each principle quantum number n. These orbitals are degenerate, it takes the same energy for an electron to exist in a 3s as a 3p or 3d orbital. When more electrons are added splitting occurs and the orbital diagram becomes more complex.

This splitting of s, p and d orbitals occurs because of the shape of each orbital. Match the reason below for how each sub level is effected in a multi-electron system to produce this splitting.

Describe how s, p, and d orbitals are affected by multi-electron systems.

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.