Why did the better part of century pass between thompson’s work and dalton’s work

I would say the correct answer would probably be that to explain the approx 100 years between Dalton (early 1800's) atomic theory and JJ Thomson's discovery of the smaller particle the electron was that Thomson had the use of a cathode ray tube that helped to determine the existence of negatively charged particles about 2000 times lighter than a hydrogen atom and therefore a smaller particle than the atom. The cathode ray tube was not invented until 1897, when Thomson began experimenting with it.

Less stable  hope this