Of these two types of programs:a. I/O -bound b. CPU -bound which is more likely to have voluntary context switches, and which is more likely to have nonvoluntary context switches? Explain your answer.

The correct context switches for the two types of programs are as follows:

According to the given question, we are asked to show the correct context switches for the two types of programs, I/O bound and a CPU bound program.

As a result of this, we can see that a voluntary context switch has to do with when a process in the processing unit does not have control because it lacks the proper resource.

On the other hand, a non voluntary context switch has to do with there is lack of control as a result of process allocation or time slice and this occurs in the CPU bound program,

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For I/O-bound we require voluntary context switches.

For CPU-bound we require non-voluntary context switches.

Explanation:

A voluntary context switches occurs when process has given up control of the CPU because it requires a resource that is currently unavailable(such as blocking for I/O). It happen frequently in normal system operation. Voluntary context switching initiated with a call to the sleep() routine.

A non-voluntary context switches occurs when the CPU has taken away from a process, such as when it's time slice has expired or it has been preempted by a high-priority process. It is forced by direct invocation of the low-level context-switching mechanism embodied in the mi_switch() and setrunnable() routines.