Acaliper brake is required for the front wheels of a passenger car with a braking capacity of 500 nm for each brake. preliminary design estimates have set the brake geometry as ri = 110 mm1 and θ = 43°. pads with a coefficient of friction of 0.38 have been selected. each pad is actuated by means of a hydraulic cylinder of nominal diameter 25.4 mm. determine: a)- the required actuating force, b)- the average and the maximum contact pressures, c)- the required hydraulic pressure for brake actuation. take the outer radius of the brake to be that of the bugatti chiron. (420.0 mm front brake diameter 400.0mm rear brake diameter)

Agas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly e end nation about same energy states, 1 and 2, where pi 10 bar, v undergoes two processes, a and b, between the sam 0.1 m3, ui-400 kj and p2 1 bar, v2 1.0 m2, u2 200 kj: process a: process from 1 to 2 during which the pressure- volume relation is pv constant process b: constant-volume process from state 1 to a pressure of 2 bar, followed by a linear pressure-volume process to +20 0 state 2 kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. for each of the processes a and b, (a) sketch the process on p-v coordinates, (b) evaluate the work, in kj, and (c) evaluate process the heat transfer, in kj