Read the excerpt and answer the question. the mass of men serve the state thus, not as men mainly, but as machines, with their bodies. they are the standing army, and the militia, jailers, constables, posse comitatus, etc. in most cases there is no free exercise whatever of the judgment or of the moral sense; but they put themselves on a level with wood and earth and stones; and wooden men can perhaps be manufactured that will serve the purpose as well. such command no more respect than men of straw or a lump of dirt. they have the same sort of worth only as horses and dogs. yet such as these even are commonly esteemed good citizens. others—as most legislators, politicians, lawyers, ministers, and office-holders—serve the state chiefly with their heads; and, as they rarely make any moral distinctions, they are as likely to serve the devil, without intending it, as god. in at least 100 words, provide a summary of this excerpt. based on this passage, how does thoreau feel about the people who serve the state?

In this excerpt from Civil Disobedience, Thoreau considers that there is two kind of men who serve others as pawns. On the one hand, there is a collective of men (army, militia, jailers, and constables) who dutifully commit to the utmost obedience.  They are humble men who don’t wash in pride or boast about their deeds. They try so hard to achieve what they were entrusted with, and they serve as much as horses and dogs do. Because of their humble nature, they are regarded as good citizens. On the other hand,  another collective of men are the ones (legislators, politicians, lawyers, ministers, and office-holders) who serve others in a sycophant manner. They are committed to achieving what their desire the most at all costs, ignoring the consequences and any degree of morality. They enjoy pleasing others and are greedy, materialistic and selfish, and Thoreau believes they would be supporters of the devil.

The service of some to the state is with their bodies in jobs such as solders , jailers, and police officers.  They put themselves on the same level of building materials like straw, wood, and dirt and can be replaced easily when worn out.  Working for the state takes away  their freedom to practice judgment and morality even though they may still be good citizens. The lawmakers and individuals who help operate the state, serve the state with their heads. They have a hard time distinguishing between good and bad. Thoreau believes the people who serve the state may be good people but they have little judgement when it comes to morality.

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