The demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, and those

Stephen has just finished composing his first poem, entitled clouded memories, for his poetry slam class. he is slated to recite the first 10 lines during class tonight, and repeats them over and over to himself as he is walking there. this is called

"this is just to say" by william carlos williams, which of these poetic devices does this poem most represent?

Janine studies to improve her math skills