Read the excerpt from "mother tongue."

just last week, i was walking down the street with my mother, and i again found myself conscious of the english i was using, the english i do use with her. we were talking about the price of new and used furniture and i heard myself saying this: “not waste money that way.” my husband was with us as well, and he didn’t notice any switch in my english. and then i realized why. it’s because over the twenty years we’ve been together i’ve often used that same kind of english with him, and sometimes he even uses it with me. it has become our language of intimacy, a different sort of english that relates to family talk, the language i grew up with.

which best summarizes the central idea of the excerpt?

nonstandard forms of english are only appropriate among family members.

standard forms of english imply a lack of family values and closeness.

nonstandard forms of english imply close relationships and family values.

standard forms of english are not appropriate among family members.

"Nonstandard forms of English imply close relationships and family values" best summarizes the central idea of the excerpt.

The narrator describes the customized version of English she uses with her mother and how she has developed a derivative of it with her husband over time ("over the twenty years we’ve been together I’ve often used that same kind of English with him").

You could call it "nonstandard" because it may appear as grammatically incorrect to native English speakers ("Not waste money that way").

This nonstandard form of English is closely linked to family relationships because we are told that it is "the language [the narrator] grew up with," her "family talk." Moreover, from this family talk, she developed a "language of intimacy" with her husband, who we can guess is a native English speaker used to hearing her speak that way.

a phrase is a set of word that make a sense, an expression formed by two or more words.

" teacher´s dictum on the possession of human "

" made a pile practicing "

" lived to an impressive age and dies "

a clause, in a grammar way is a series of words that have a complete meaning.

" was irritated by the persecution of those who called themselves "

the thousand and one nights – or, as i prefer to call them in the following for purely practical reasons: the arabian nights – as we perceive them three hundred years after antoine galland’s epochal french adaptation bear a distinct arabic imprint. meanwhile, the commonly accepted model for their textual history acknowledges various stages in the conceptualization and effective formation of both the collection’s characteristic frame story and the embedded repertoire. the vast majority of tales in the preserved manuscripts of the nights has been integrated into the collection during two periods of arabic influence, the so-called baghdad and cairo periods (gerhardt 1963: 115–374). these “arabic” stages are preceded by an iranian version, probably dating to pre-islamic times, which in its turn profits from both structural devices and narrative contents originating from indian tradition. considering the eminent position that iran and iranian culture hold in the early stages of the textual history of the arabian nights, surprisingly few details are known concerning the collection’s relation to and its actual position within the iranian cultural context. in the following, i will discuss links between the arabian nights and iranian culture on several levels. in surveying these links, i will treat five major areas: (1) the iranian prototype of the nights; (2) tales of alleged persian origin; (3) persian characters within the tales; (4)persian translations of the arabian nights; and (5) the position of the arabian nights in modern iran